Journal of Textiles and Polymers
Volume:9 Issue: 4, Autumn 2021

The textile industry is the second most polluting industry in the world. From the production of raw materials in this sector to the production and consumption of the final product, it has always subjected to various environmental pollution and waste. One of the main goals of sustainable development is to preserve the environment in a way that does not harm creatures and protect the environment for future generations. Garment companies always faced with the problem of textile waste, which may eventually have to be disposed or consumed. The amount of waste disposed of in this area is very significant and approx. Percentage in the world that alarm is a serious threat to the environment. Because the waste that needs to be disposed of is either burned or buried in the ground. Their cycle of reuse also requires energy. So the world is facing a heap of textile waste, so you have to think about how to reduce the amount of this waste. The effects of this behavior are on environmental protection, lower consumption, lower production costs and lower commodity prices. Therefore, it is necessary to seriously address the issue of textile waste reduction in the garment industry. Therefore, this study examined the design and layout of baby clothing patterns in order to reduce waste in the production line of Happy Land Company, one of the leading brands and companies in the production of children's clothing. To this end, the researcher on the one hand, using pre-existing theories as well as personal experiences, examined the impact of four fundamental variables including dress size, fabric width, shear mode and layout on waste reduction. The statistical population of this study consisted of clothing for children in 8 different sizes in both Kid and Baby age groups. The data obtained from the product line of Hapland Company and then analyzed using SPSS software and statistical tests. Findings show that each of these variables can significantly reduce fabric waste alone or in combination. However, the most favorable case occurred when all four variables considered. So, in this case, about 18% of the waste generated by the HP was reduced, which is very economically significant and would generate a minimum profit of 15% for the company and reduce the cost of finished products for customers.

The present study focuses on the development of biodegradable nanofibrous membranes with controlled drug release to ensure reduced tissue adhesion after surgery. The nanofibrous polycaprolactone membranes loaded with bromelain, a crude extract from pineapple, were fabricated utilizing the electrospinning technique for the first time. Smooth, continuous and bead-free nanofibers with good compatibility between PCL and bromelain were observed by SEM. The prepared nanofibrous membranes showed satisfactory tensile strength (16.08±1.3 and 18.29±3.29 MPa) and high Young's modulus (30.37±4.85 and 51.73±4.01 MPa). Furthermore, the contact angle decreased significantly with increasing bromelain content, which can help to overcome the limitation of PCL use in anti-adhesion products due to its stiffness and hydrophobicity. The results indicated that the membrane containing bromelain extract showed a sustained release of bromelain during two weeks, which was significantly controlled by the Fickian-diffusion mechanism. Moreover, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) culture experiments showed that bromelain-loaded PCL nanofibrous membrane could significantly reduce the adhesion and proliferation of AdMSCs. Moreover, AdMSCs that adhered to the surface of nanofibers possessed a rounded morphology. Overall, the PCL/bromelain electrospun membrane can provide a potential anti-adhesion barrier for clinical use.

Implantable medical devices such as pacemakers are designed to treat, diagnose, and prevent different diseases. Lithium batteries are commonly applied to power these devices, but because of their limited capacity and lifetime, patients have to suffer a painful and risky surgical procedure to replace them. Recently, nanogenerators have been emerged and are widely noticed as they can convert very small biomechanical energies such as heartbeats into electrical energy. The purpose of this project is to manufacture a piezoelectric sensor as an energy harvester with proper performance and biocompatibility with improved electrical output. In this research, a hybrid structure of PVDF coupling with polyamide 11 (PA11) was fabricated using conjugate electrospinning to enhance the piezoelectric properties of the intended piezoelectric sensor. The piezoelectric test results showed an acceptable increase of the piezoelectric coefficient of nanofibers from 62.87 mV/N to 75.75 mV/N by adding 25% volumetric PA 11, indicating the synergistic properties of these two compounds. The specimen (75% PVDF/25% PA 11) also has the highest mechanical properties and can therefore be suggested as an optimum sample.

Knowledge of the physical properties of spacer fabrics is important, due to their vast applications in various industries. In all applications, the spacer fabric is affected by tension, which changes their size as well as their properties. The purpose of this paper is to use the video processing approach to investigate the tensile behavior of the spacer fabric, based on the geometrical and the experimental method. So, the study on the basic hexagonal unit deformation behaviors of spacer fabrics structure in different tensile strains, based on experimental observations and theoretical analysis using video processing, was investigated in the course and wale directions, respectively. First, the images were segmented based on the k-means clustering method and then the best image for processing was determined by the image quality evaluation index. Then, the distribution of changes in the dimensions of each unit, the sizedependent properties and its change such as Poisson's ratio and the porosity changes were obtained using the method based on the geometry of the pore unit. The results of image processing were compared with the experimental method and the results showed that the video processing method is able to calculate and predict the Poisson's ratio in different tensile strains with a correlation coefficient of more than 83%.

Crystallization behavior of polypropylene (PP) crystals including nucleation, growth, and morphology is significantly affected in the presence of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs). In the present work, spherulites formation and their growth in the PP/GnPs nanocomposite fibers have been investigated by hot-stage polarized optical microscopy at isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The results show that the crystallization rate of PP/GnPs nanocomposite fibers is higher than that of neat PP fiber whereas the spherulites with smaller size and more irregular shape are formed in the PP/GnPs samples. Moreover, nucleation time decreases with the addition of GnPs since they have a nucleating effect. The results obtained from non-isothermal crystallization suggest that the more nucleating sites are formed in the presence of GnPs, resulting in PP crystallization at higher temperatures. Furthermore, most spherulites are firstly formed around GnPs. Nucleation density of neat PP is significantly lower than that of PP/GnPs samples due to heterogeneous nucleation of GnPs. By increasing the GnPs content from 0.5 wt% to 1 wt%, no appreciable changes are observed in nucleation density, suggesting that the nucleating effect of GnPs is saturated at 0.5 wt%.

In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in scientific research on 3D textiles as reinforcements for composite materials, due to their unique mechanical properties compared to multilayer 2D textiles. Most textile-reinforced composites are fabricated by placing several layers of two-dimensional fabrics. They have low resistance to delamination under impact forces and their mechanical properties, especially fatigue properties and compressive strength, are seriously reduced after impact. To prevent these problems, it is necessary to strengthen the composite in the third dimension. If three-dimensional textiles are used, the desired thickness, which requires many layers in two-dimensional textiles, can be obtained with fewer layers, resulting in the production of lighter structures with desirable physical and mechanical properties, as well as suitable thermal insulation properties. 3D textile-reinforced composites show different failure modes than laminated composites due to their complex structural properties and mechanical properties. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of previous research works on the tensile, compressive, flexural, shear, and impact properties of three-dimensional composites reinforced with 3D woven fabrics for better understanding the behavior of these types of composites in various applications.

Spacer fabrics are three-dimensional textiles that are composed of two layers of separate fabric by interlocking threads. The special properties of these fabrics have made them widely used in the textile industry. In this study, the deformation of warp knitted spacer fabrics as an orthotropic structure under uniaxial tension is investigated. Samples are knitted with different bonding yarn angles and thicknesses. Uniaxial tension was performed for each sample in weft and warp directions with five repititions. Poisson's ratio measures the strain ratio of tensile and perpendicular directions, but shape ratio of threedimensional shape measures lateral area changes to volume. The Poisson’s ratio and shape ratio were calculated by measuring the square drawn on the fabrics. The results show that, in different samples, the shape ratio was more consistent with the reciprocal Maxwell’s theorem. Therefore, it better describes the deformation of the fabric under uniaxial tension.